Energy
Folks, I must tell you; I may be dumber than a board... but, I think the biggest screw up in the Science of Physics is__ really understanding the definition, and concept of Energy!
Energy is only a Measurement!
This Measurement is, Only is and, Always was, of Work Done!
Please, a moment of silence, to let this soak in...
Energy is not an entity
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"Energy is the capacity or ability to do work, and is always measured as work done..."
(I might mention that Work can be productive or non-productive... constructive or destructive... laborious or playful... intentional or un-intentional.)
Below under relevant quotes, the first ten quotations, are not to prove all swans are white, by looking at a million white swans... but to show old and new science, basically uses the same definition for: energy...
I may be old school, but I have been under the belief that measurements are comparisons of things, to standards set up by mankind. We measure length, area, volume, weight, pressure, intensity, flow, temperature, work done, and quite a few other items I probably missed.
These measurements are in inches, feet, meters, miles, square feet, ounces, pounds, grams, liters, cups, quarts, liters, gallons, barrels, pounds per square area, lumens, gallons per minute, and degrees... for examples. Work (done) can be measured in horse power, ergs, joules, watts, dynes, British thermal units and calories. To be meaningful these measuring units require time, and are specified such as: kilowatts per hour...
Think of of this way: Can you fill a box with measurements? Such as inches? It is easy to fill a box with one inch diameter balls, but in actuality the box is just filled with similar specific sized balls, displacing the air that was there first.
I guess it is a bit misleading, since, if you fill you pocket with any matter; that matter, has some potential, but not measured yet, measure of the "capacity to do work" (energy), as does all matter. Depending upon what the mass of the matter in your pocket... there can be more or less capacity to do work. But, like the one inch diameter of the afore mentioned balls, it still just measurement, and the measurement is not a physical entity, the matter is! It is like having a cubic foot of geometric points.
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Often you will read or hear of, transferring or releasing energy. There is no foo foo powder or magic solution that is being transferred or exchanged! When work is being done by an entity, it is reducing its capacity to do work__ but the capacity to do work is increasing within another entity, or entities. There are actions between entities that cause the changes of abilities of bodies, but it not like a baton that is passed in a relay race. If two equal cue balls collide head on at equal speeds... they both come away with an equal ability do do work, energy! However... this amount of ability to do work is now in the reverse direction for both of them. They each lost the ability to do work in their prior forward directions, but gained a redirected motional equal ability to do work each in their reverse directions. I will go into the mechanics of what happens more in depth later. What does happen is pressure in the form of impulse, this can be slow or fast. These pressures change the states of matter, which changes motions. These motions are of the total body, the deformation of the body, and the molecular and atomic motions within the body. When a body collides with another body it offers resistance against the impulse pressure of the incoming body, and the reverse is true for the oncoming body. There is increased motions in both colliding bodies, with much of each body going to contrary places. The atom's motions, activity, are increased in each body because of the pressure impacts from motions of matter impacting. Thus each body is changing, because of atoms, bouncing about differently than prior to collision. There is compression and expansion, due to the resiliency of the bodies. There is not__ any foo foo powder, or anything else being physically or magically exchanged. No exchange of measurement! No exchange of ability. Finally; there is no exchange of Energy! Each body will have a wane, and or gain in the ability to do work, energy__ but, it will be a new changed redirected ability, energy, that may be equal to what it had, and in another direction, or it might suffer a loss whereas the other body get a gain. Both, bodies probably suffered a minute loss of ability since there was probably some heat loss. This heat loss can also be explained as pressure and motion.
If I press my finger into my arm... I am not electromagnetically injecting some entity called Energy into my arm. My body has the ability to do work. The work I am doing is bringing pressure to bear upon my arm. The Energy capacity to push my finger into my arm is being reduced by the work I am doing depressing resistant body tissue. Down at a lower level, I am probably causing molecules to move about more actively. And, further down I may have caused electrons to move to different atomic levels.
Below are quotes as: "the complete destruction of 1 lb of mass would be accompanied by the release of 10.66 billion kilowatt hours of energy." "In the units used in pure physics, the destruction of 1 gram of mass is equivalent to the release of 9 x 10²° ergs of energy." Please note: "release... ...of energy!" Wow__ there sure would be one hell of a lot of measurements flying about! Actually from a nuclear fission atomic bomb explosion there is thermal radiation, nuclear radiation, and blast. All of which would have capacity to do work, energy__ but, actually it is potential__ until it does some work (it is released electromagnetic, light). And, actually the release from this mentioned fission atomic bomb__ is the radiation and blast which has a measurable (or calculable) capacity to do work... energy. There is no entity of energy, released!
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E = mc²
Einstein's Formula!
Energy equals mass times light speed squared (c²)
In other words: Electromagnetic (radiated light ) work done, (energy), as measured in ergs, is equal to__ a body of matter with a mass (resistance to change in motion) measured in grams that is multiplied by a conversion factor number (c²) to make ergs and grams compatible.
It is my belief, and contention, that the E, in E=mc², would be more apropos if it was L, (lambda), for Light.
Light is what Matter becomes when it is converted... and is no longer Matter.
Both light and Matter are Electromagnetic, but are two different fundamental forms.
Energy is not Light or Matter; but both can and do have the ability to do work.
Is energy just mass in a different form as has been said and inferred? Well they are both measurements... But energy is a measure of work done, and is a measurement of something that has already happened. Whereas mass is a measure of resistance to change of state or motion of a body in motion. Mass is a measure of matter while it is still matter. Once atomic destruction has occurred to the matter, it cannot be measured as a body of mass anymore. So, it would seem that this measuring of mass, is before and after activity... or in other words, not only did the matter change form, but it seems to me, the measurements also changed forms. Matter in an atomic explosion is matter turned into a atomic nuclear fire ball so hot that it burns up all the matter such that there is in a manner of speaking no more atoms, electrons, protons, or neutrons and etc. What is left of the matter is the electromagnetic phenomena form of Light, of various frequencies. As I have written, an atomic bomb of nuclear fission gives off a release of Thermal Radiation ("...electromagnetic radiation which causes heating in materials it strikes"), and Nuclear Radiation ("...radiation which is emitted by the nucleus. This includes gamma rays, beta rays, and alpha rays, beta and alpha particles, and sometimes neutrons and protons. It does not include X-rays), and Blast (Which is sticks and stones from around the surrounding physical area), this, Blast, not being part of the fission. All this Light and Particle radiation is electromagnetic, and once the photons and particles are sent flying at high speeds much at light speed... they all have directional mass, and have a potential ability to do work, as pressure.
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- §Einstein's Formula... E = mc²__ Should be: L = mc²
I believe this equivalence formula should be for: Matter, with at rest and directional mass... compared with Light. I see this formula as comparing mass of a body with the collective total mass of the resultant Light, from the destructive conversion of Matter. After an atomic conversion of matter to light, the matter has totally lost all its motion, but has set into motion one gargantuan quantum of light with direction mass, (which is actually resistance to change of state), motion, in the direction it is going, and is pressure. I have formulated it as L = mc². L, is lambda, for light; m is for mass, and c² is the value equal to the speed of light squared. In general when matter is no longer... it is light, with some other radiated electromagnetic stuff. It is not energy! The matter had an ability to do work as measured by work done, energy; and after... light, has an ability to do work; as measured by work done, energy... the gain equals the wane! When matter is changed to light there is a loss of ability to do work by matter, and in fact a loss of the matter itself, and there is a gain in ability to do work, energy__ by the newly created, or activated, light, that equals that of the no longer existing matter. There is a complete change of state of matter to zero motion, and an increase of motion of light equal to the, past total mass motion, of the matter. There is no proof that, energy, is an entity that was transferred like... as said, a baton in a relay race! Again, Energy, is a measurement of an ability! The destruction of matter was of an extremely violent nature that blew up, so to speak, causing force actions of pressures probably close to infinity. This explosion sent off a tremendous amount of various frequencies of light, and all this light has directional mass due to its motion only. It possibly started out as something of zero mass photons hanging around, idle, in Space__, mass-less; (or possibly created from nothing as virtual magic particles), and then became a giant quantum of light, with the ability to do work, due to its directional mass of motion in Space.
The explosion of an atomic bomb is one way that Matter is converted to Light. But, these explosions are not a perfect conversion of all the Matter involved, into Light. As mentioned before the explosive results radiated from a bomb of this type are Thermal Radiation, Nuclear Radiation, and Blast. Thermal Radiation is Light of the Infrared and Ultraviolet frequency ranges. Nuclear Radiation is Light of the Gamma Ray frequencies. It also can radiate s Alpha, and Beta particles. An Alpha particle is a positive particle consisting of two protons, and two neutrons. (Which is identical to the Helium nucleus.) The Beta particle is either an electron or a positron. These particles are still in the form of Matter. Blast; is just everyday physical debris Matter, of and from the explosion. Thus I hold that true full conversion of the two forms of electromagnetic phenomena__ is from Matter to Light__ and Light to Matter.
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An ability cannot be transferred. It can be taught by one person to another; the other person learns, and gains the ability to measure the work__ while hence forth maybe the person that taught the ability, could have got whacked on the head and lost the ability. Loosely interpreted, when one entity interfaces with another causing a change of state in a second entity... the capacity to do work increases in this second body, while the capacity to do work in the first body decreases, or it can be a trade off of equal for equal but different, or partial and different. Example analogies being: One billiard ball hitting a idle ball, loses its ability, and is idle while the hit ball now has gains an equal ability. Or, two balls hit each other head on... they lose their respective abilities going forward, but regain equal abilities, but are in reverse motion. And, lastly two balls hitting in various scenarios of glancing collisions... This is is where the concept of Kinetic Energy came into being. §Kinetic: is an adjective word meaning: of or due to motion. But, describing energy as being in motion is a misnomer... energy, a measurement of capacity, work done, does not move, and is actually a new measurement after the activity of motion has occurred. While a work motion activity is in action... capacity to do work, increasing or decreasing, is constantly instantly continuously changing. Thus the differential of pressure, and acceleration. Saying the work, on, or o, something, is half done, is only a guess at the Potential energy capacity of either the work causing entity, or the entity being worked. Potential energy of an entity is, as we know, something idly sitting around that could do some work, but at the moment is not doing so.
[If we go to extremes__ there is technically nothing that is exactly idle internally, or externally. Everything in and of the Universe is in constant motion, or change of state. The Universe is always at work. If something was at a total zero motion... it would have achieved the end of the downward spiral of entropy. Having a condition as this is the same as having a fixed location in the Universe from which we can measure. It would mean that everything in the Universe has a fixed relativity from a single location. Or maybe there are 10, or 20, or billions of these fixed locations? We could measure from one to another for good fixed measurements, if only we could find, and recognize these entities. Entropy... Fantasy I think...]
So, again we ask how does the potential capacity for work, energy, of a body change? Well some entity, must make contact with another body such that the first body's motion of state acts upon the second body, or entity to change it state or condition. If a moving billiard ball impacts another idle billiard ball, the second ball moves... i.e. is set into motion. We say it was acted upon by a force. What kind of force? In this scenario it is the pressure of an impact, an impulse. The duration for work that was being done was very short. However during that time there was a slight amount of compression of each ball, (all matter is flexible). At the micro level electromagnetic fields were being pushed, causing molecular motion, atom motions, and atomic particle motions. These entities impacting other entities, always bringing pressure impactions to yet more atoms and etc. These motions and impacts of pressure have a mostly focused direction at first away from the moving ball collision, but soon bouncing is in all directions with an activity more than when the ball was sitting idle. Thus the ball snaps back into its spherical shape, and rolls off with more ability to work, energy. Now the, once idle, ball has potential; it can do work by smacking into another ball for example. There was nothing transferred... there was only actions between. Micro, but...Classical Physics. This caused compression and expansion of the bodies. When something is compressed its micro internals start moving about more rapidly, and are closer to each other resulting in more collisions in less time to some extent, and the atoms and molecules are being squeezed into distortion. The body, all the while, is trying to push itself back into shape. When the body is settling back into shape and reducing its atomic activity...it kicks out photons of heat when the electrons drop to a lower activity level. When the ball cools to its former room temperature it is now a ball with at rest mass for the ball itself, and it has increased directional mass in the direction it is now moving. Wow, all this large paragraph to explain two small balls banging together. All this was done with motions and pressure of millions of impact collisions. It is also important to note: I suspect that there was probably no contact of any hard core solid particle of matter physically touching any other rigid solid body of matter. Moreover It was probably charged fields interacting in and around the micro space of atoms. Photons and atomic radiated particles may be the only particles of matter that touch other particles of matter. Two billiard balls hitting would seem to be just Newton's bodies of physical mechanics interacting... But it is much more... it is just one small piece of the total, of real nature of the Universe... always in action.
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Now for the fun part... Do we really need energy? Is it a necessity? Or, it it a Fantasy?
Put it to the test. Can work be accomplished without measuring it for a value we call energy? Can the Universe get along without the measurement of energy. Did the Universe function okay prior to man conceiving the concept of measuring work being done? I suspect a whole lot of people have been getting along fine without really knowing what energy really is... ?
I presume you know my answer... especially since I put Energy in the non- reality section of this thesis.
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Page Relevant Quotes
§Energy: "Energy is the Ability to do work." College Chemistry, Arthur A. Noyes, G. Brooks King, & William E. Caldwell
§Energy: "Energy is defined as the capacity for doing work." "...it is always measured by work done." Encyclopedic Dictionary of Electronics & Nuclear Engineering, by Sarbacher.
§Energy: "Capacity of matter or radiation to do work." The Oxford Desk Dictionary...
§Energy: The capacity for doing work." Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary.
§Energy: "...energy is the capacity for doing work" The World of Elementary Particles, by Kenneth W. Ford
§Energy: "energy is the capacity to do work." Physical Science, Verne H. Booth & Mortimer L. Bloom
§Energy: "the ability to do work." "it has the capacity to do work." Fundamentals of Physical Science, Konrad Krauskopf & Arthur Beiser
§Energy: "A measure of a system to do work. Like work itself, it is measured in joules." A Concise Dictionary of Physics.
§Energy: "If an agent possesses the power of doing work we say that it possesses energy, and we measure the change of energy by the work being done." An Approach to Modern Physics, by E. N. da C. Andrade.
§Energy: "A body is said to possess energy because it can do work & the energy is measured by the work that can be obtained." A Survey of Physics; Saunders.
"It is easy to say that Energy explains everything in Physics, Chemistry,... perhaps Biology. It is also practically meaningless and in some cases downright misleading...
...We have not described energy clearly yet, and we may never be able to give a crisp definition... Work measures interchange of energy. So the official definition of energy says, energy is capacity to do work. Qualitatively, this is not a very helpful description; it merely says a thing that has a lot of energy is able to give a lot of energy to something else. Quantitatively, this definition tells us to measure work in the same units as work." Physics For The Inquiring Mind; Eric M. Rogers.
"§Nuclear Energy: In nuclear fission, the energy released comes from the splitting of the atomic nucleus, resulting in the emissions of neutrons, alpha particles, and beta particles." Ency. Dictionary of Electronics & Nuclear Engineering.
"§Nuclear Fission: The splitting of the atomic nucleus, as by neutron bombardment. in an atomic bomb, nuclear fission is carried out so as to release great amounts of energy manifested by thermal radiation, nuclear radiation, and blast." Ency. Dictionary of Electronics & Nuclear Engineering.
Mass, (relativity): "According to this theory, announced by Albert Einstein in 1905, the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content. Thus, if the energy increases, for example by and increase in kinetic energy or temperature, then its mass will increase." Fm: A Concise Dictionary of Physics. (RAD...please note... Einstein writes of a body having a content of energy. This strays from the definition of an ability, to: something filling the body!)
"... as one of the important practical consequences of the theory of relativity, states that when anything gives off energy it also loses weight or mass." Encyclopedic Dictionary of Electronics and Nuclear Engineering, by Robert I. Sarbacher, Sc.D. (RAD... note... how easy words can mislead__ it probably should say when anything gives off radiated electromagnetic.)
"From the point of view of the atomic theory, we can at once say that heat energy is nothing but the energy of motion (to which must be added in some cases the potential energy) of the molecules of which matter is composed. Let us consider a gas, for instance. It consists of molecules, more complex in some gases, less in others, but in all cases about a hundred-millionth of an inch across, with comparatively large spaces between, moving about in all directions with an average speed measured in hundreds of yards a second. The molecules collide with one another, and lose or gain in speed at collision, so that all velocities from very small to very great are represented. ...The hotter the gas the more lively is the motion of its molecules, or, more precisely put, the greater the average energy of the molecules. ...If the vessel be closed the more lively beating of the gas molecules against its sides produce the rise in pressure which we know takes place when a gas is heated in a sealed space. (RAD... Yes, yes, yes... motions!)
In a liquid we likewise have energy of motion of the molecule... In a solid the molecules are anchored to definite spots... and vibrate about that spot like balls held by springs. In all cases, however, the heat energy is simply the energy involved in different modes of motion of the molecules." An Approach to Modern Physics; E. N. da C. Andrade (RAD... Yes, yes, yes... motions!)
"One common form of energy is energy of motion, kinetic energy, which is a measure of how much force over how great a distance is required to set an object into motion or to bring it to rest. The faster a particle moves, the more kinetic energy it possesses. This is not far removed from our everyday use of the word; for example in speaking of a 'energetic' person, we refer to someone in constant motion, capable of doing a great deal of work. Work itself has a technical definition in physics, force multiplied by distance; and energy is the capacity for doing work. Every form of energy, if suitably transformed, can do work. Heat energy, for example, is the accumulated kinetic energy of the restless random motion of molecules, and a steam engine is a device which derives mechanical work from heat energy.
The great significance of energy springs in part from the variety of its manifestations, in part from the fact that it is conserved__ that the total amount of energy remains always the same, with the loss of one kind of energy being compensated by the gain of another kind of energy." The world of Elementary Particles, Kenneth W. Ford.
"That mass is one of the forms of energy was first realized at the beginning of this century. The energy of mass and the energy of motion are the two forms of energy which dominate the elementary-particle world. Mass energy can be thought of as the 'energy of being,' matter possessing energy just by virtue of existing. A material particle is nothing more than a highly concentrated and localized bundle of energy. The amount of concentrated energy for a motionless particle is proportional to its mass. If the particle is moving it has still more energy, its kinetic energy. A mass-less particle such as a photon has only energy of motion (kinetic energy) and no energy of being (mass)." The world of Elementary Particles, Kenneth W. Ford.
"Einstein's most famous equation,
E = mc²
...The important statement Einstein's equation makes is that energy is proportional to mass. Twice as much mass means twice as much intrinsic energy; no mass means no intrinsic energy. The factor c² is called a constant of proportionality and does the job of converting from the units in which mass is expressed to the units in which energy is expressed." The world of Elementary Particles, Kenneth W. Ford. (RAD... I put this quote in here so you know what and how other people think and write about this formula)
"In 1900 Professor Max Planck upset classical physics by professing abandonment of the belief that energy was radiated as waves (that is continuously, rhythmically, in all directions) and offered instead the theory that energy was released intermittently in tiny 'packages', which he called quanta. Hence his hypothesis became known as the quantum theory." The Main Stream of Mathematics; Edna E. Kramer, Ph.D. (RAD... Note... here again energy is more of an entity that a measurement)
"All reactions ---- whether chemical or nuclear---- in which energy is released or absorbed involve a corresponding change in the rest energy of the reactants." Fundamentals of Physics: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker (RAD... released or absorbed... sounds more like an ointment)
"We all know that electromagnetic waves transport energy. Perhaps you also know that such waves can transport linear momentum. That is, it is possible to exert pressure (a radiation pressure) on an object by shining a light on it." Fundamentals of Physics: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker." (RAD... transporting energy, the measurement, like passengers...)
"More generally, a 'redshift' is scientific shorthand for the reduction in frequency and energy in any form of light, including all the invisible forms; a 'blueshift' is an upward change in frequency." Einstein's Universe; Nigel Calder.
