Space
Space is the largest unknown phenomenon of our Universe...
We cannot sense it...
We can only observe and measure physical entities in the unknown vastness...
And yet, I classify Space a reality of our Universe.
I base this decision only on the logic that if all space were withdrawn from the Universe...
What would you have left?
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I will first give my pseudo definitions of Space, which do nothing but give a platform of recognizable human mind concepts that we, most humans have learned... but with such knowledge we can start on the same page. (I sub-divide Space into four parts... not that they are... but just for my purposes communicating regions of Space I may do more on later.)
§Space (RAD Definition):
1. Inner: The volume of space and its attributes; in, around and occupied by the sub-atomic matter particles.
2. Intermediate: The volume of Space and its attributes; in, around, and occupied by bodies filling Solar Systems, and Galactic Systems.
3. Outer: The volume of Space beyond; and between Stars and Galaxies.
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4. Three dimensional: The measurements for describing physically the volume of any and all space.
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(For my writings I capitalized the -S- for the word Space that seems to be a real entity, to identify it from space as just a volume of three dimensional measurement.)
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My reasoning for the first three categories of Space are: Discussion purposes, and the thought that Space may have different attributes or properties when associated with matter on these levels.
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Because it often seems high on some peoples minds... I will tell you I think Space is filled with something, as opposed to nothing, but is it filled with an ether? First, I don't know. Please define ether! If I get a good definition of ether, other than "a medium thought to fill space"; I might give an answer to the question. For me, ether has the bad taste of matter with exotic flavors. And, is the Space of the Universe all the same? Is the Space below the event horizon of a Black Hole; the same as exterior Space? Is matter all the same? There is the concept that all matter is just electromagnetic phenomena in different forms. Could be, and might be__ so, should we just say Space is just more of the same, and close the book of Physics...? For now, I personally prefer Space, just as Space, with possible special attributes. It needs not another name. Why fill it with another unknown entity...? It would seem to me to more likely filled with something we are already familiar with, possibly in different form, or having different attributes or properties, or lack of...?!
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Space is enormous! For outer Space... you only have to gaze at the stars and imagine the magnitude... The sun is across Space from us about 94+ million miles. At a million miles per hour you could get there in 94 hours, (about 4 days). One book shows the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is about 4.2 light years away, or 25 trillion miles. At 669.6 million miles per hour, (the speed of light per hour), you would get there in 4.2 years... So, we probably are not headed to deep space in the near future.
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Inner Space is the volume of space taken up by atoms. An atom is about 99.999 999 999+...% Space. Or, matter, in an atom is about 00.000 000 001...% of its volume. I am not sure how exact these quotes are... having seen differing numbers in different books, but you get the idea. An analogy would be approximately: if you put a grape on the 25 yard line of a football field, as the nucleus of an atom... then the electrons would be like sugar grains at the fifty yard line and the goal line. Now imagine the grape suspended at the center of a great ball, or sphere, that has a diameter of 50 yards. It would be very easy to shoot bullets through the sphere without ever hitting anything. According to science, our bodies, as well as plants, animals, water, stones, air, and dirt are almost all Space.
So why do we look and feel solid? I have never really looked it up officially, but I have always assumed that we people, plants, rocks and such are made up of mega millions elemental atoms that bond together with each other and make forms of atoms, and molecules. All the atoms have electron particles moving extremely fast hither and thither, in some manner of motion, in and about the nucleus of each atom. An analogy might be as blades of a fan turning. If the blades turn real slow you can see between them, and even stick your finger in and out of the path of the blades without touching. But, when the fan gets going real fast, an inserted finger may be sliced pretty badly. If the fan is really cranked up to maybe one million rpm, the moving blades would feel solid to your touch. If also there were hundreds to millions of these fans in a bundle, not only could you not penetrate the fans very easily, you couldn't see through them. Interesting enough, if you are in the dark and squeeze your fingers together over the lens of a flashlight beam, you can see some light getting through your skin. I guess this is because light is real fast, getting past some electrons, possible worm holes, and the light leaks through where the skin is not very thick.
There are some particles that are so small, almost mass-less, and go so extremely fast__ they can go through the emptiness of matter without hardly any difficulty at all. Neutrinos from the Sun are these type of particles. And, they are doing it all the time.
You have probably read how starlight has been observed as bending or curving as it passes our Sun. Why would the light passing the Sun be curved? There are a few possibilities... This could be due to gravitation. But, light as photons is thought to be mass-less except for the directional mass it gains in the direction it is moving. It does not have mass in the perpendicular direction, or towards the sun, so it is unlikely that gravitation is curving its trajectory directly. And, we still are not sure how gravitation works. One of the most popular thoughts, mostly brought on by Einstein, is that Space itself has been affected in some manner. It may not be a curvature of space__ but a curvature of the values of space as a field. This I say, since I think I read where Einstein said Space does not have motion. However, these values could very well be considered as a Change of State. (A topic for the page I have on Change of State.) This attribute of Space would be what causes curvature of light in proximity of a body of matter. And, if Space is electromagnetic, and light is electromagnetic__ they may act upon each other, to force light curvature, differently than with matter, but still probably with actions of pressure. It is thus assumed that Space has been curved, and the light follows this curvature. Since we are also not sure what Space is exactly... this explanation still may be in the realm of an assumption. If we imagine the extent of Space as a volume of three dimensional measurement space__ is it space with special attributes, that is also filled with electromagnetic light, and electromagnetic matter... all sharing the 3D volume? If it is as such, then we cannot be sure the curvature is due to some phenomena of Space, or maybe instead is curvature possibly due to the electromagnetic fill of space. Because, there is a real good possibility that Space fill, is just electromagnetic light, and a small portion of electromagnetic matter. Space might simply be filled with all electromagnetic phenomena. Space may be homogeneous in the sense as: of the same character, essentially alike, composed of similar or identical elements or parts. Or, Space may be just electromagnetic mashed potatoes with lumps!
Above, we have been thinking about outer Space for the most part. We know that light is always shining in all directions, existing at least, and pretty well filling Space. But, inner Space is the regions within the atoms between and about the sub-atomic particles. We know the atom has protons, neutrons, and electrons. We know when an atom gets excited, more active, it has been hit by a photon of light. Where does the photon go? What happens to it? Science says the atom has taken on more energy, (actually more ability to work... basically just more motion). In a sense it has, but the wording is a bit skewed. It has more ability to do work, energy, due to being impacted by a photon. For that matter, you can hit an atom with a hammer it also becomes more active! Hitting a body with the hammer gives it more ability to do work, energy! It gains motion... more thermal activity... heat. But, after the impact of the hammer; upon the atom, we still have the hammer, and the atom... Again, what about the photon? Do we still have a photon after it hits the atom? Could be. I think the inner Space of the atom may be a volume of space that stores inert, un-energized, idle mass-less photons. Not so far fetched! Science tells us that when an atom gets tired, and becomes lethargic, it will move an electron to a lower energy, (ability to do work) level__ and when this happens guess what? The atom finds a photon, squeezes its lungs, and spits the photon out to fend for itself with renewed fervor. Where did it get the photon? Did the photon come from inner space stored in an idle condition, or__ I have read where this photon is called a virtual photon that is created from Space. Whoooo___ is that spooky or what?!
Einstein was pretty adamant that Space does not move. And, maybe that is true of three dimensional space filled with fantasy imagination of nothing... and is only a region we measured... thus anywhere else we measure would be a different three dimensional space volume. But, if some atom's inner space storage was filled with inert photons, could, or would these photons go wherever the atom travels? Or, is all Space filled with photons... possibly some active, and some inert? In this scenario we indeed would have a Space wind of idle photons, and active light blowing and shining through Earth as matter consisting of 99.999... plus % Space. Most of the neutrinos are said to pass through without trouble? This gets real confusing as to what would be happening to the photons as they pass through the inner space of atoms... I think I'll keep with the thought, the inert photons stay put, and move with the atoms. Thus there would be no photon wind going through the atoms. Which couldn't be measured by the Michelson-Morley experiment anyway. I think Space moves.
What if gravitation does not act directly on matter at all? What if gravitation is a function of Space that interacts upon the inner Space about sub-atomic particles, intermediate Space between atoms and larger matter, and outer Space?! All Particles, and all matter may change their state by the dictates of their surrounding Space rather than interacting between themselves directly...? Hum? Far fetched? Well, we are already pretty much in this mode of thinking when thinking of fields in Space...! Is it a matter generated gravitational field interacting with a matter generated gravitational field, or Space and matter generated fields interacting with Space and matter generated fields? I suspect, and it has been said, touching is never a scenario where something is physically acting directly on surfaces of matter itself. Thus we could have undetectable force actions of Space acting on Space... that could very well exert, and bring pressure to bear as Space, to Space, and we would not have a clue!
Note: the description of a photon entering or leaving an atom is an example of what happens when something is heated up and cooled down. Infrared heat... radiated into a body warming it, and radiating from the body when it cools... it is not something magic, or a fantasy.
So, to end this section... space that I called Space, is just three dimensional volume which probably contains phenomena of the electromagnetic...! This means there is no entity, fabric, fill, or ether of Space required! The three dimensional measurement of Space of the Universe is just filled with what we already have... electromagnetic light, photons, and electromagnetic matter. We are all made of some really, really primordial stuff! This sort of simplifies things because Space becomes electromagnetic light, with active light, and inactive light__ photons... and maybe attributes I am unaware of...! But, the "nothing" of the measurement three dimensional space volume, still seems a reality to me, because without this something volume__ where would we put the Universe? A measurement of volume of nothing or nothingness is an absurdity.
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Page Relevant Quotes
"Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time ( measuring -rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense." Sidelights On Relativity, by Albert Einstein.
"Lord Rayliegh pointed out that, in an ideal fluid, a ship's propeller would not work, but on the other hand, a ship (once set in motion) would not need a propeller." Fundamentals of Physics: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker.
(As I understand, the following scenario is where credit is given for eliminating ether as a physical medium of Space. RAD)
"According to Lorentz the elementary particles of matter are capable only of executing movements; their electromagnetic activity is entirely due to the fact that they carry electric charges. Lorentz thus succeeded in reducing all electromagnetic phenomena to Maxwell's equations for a field in vacuo." Einstein's Essays in Science, Albert Einstein. (If they have movement they would have the ability to exert pressure... rad)
"The special principle of relativity forbids us to regard the ether as composed of particles the movements of which can be followed out through time, but the theory is not incompatible with the ether hypothesis as such. Only we must take care not to ascribe a state of motion to the ether." Einstein's Essays in Science, Albert Einstein.
"How could we hope to detect a black hole, as by its very definition it does not emit any light? ...Fortunately, there is a way. As John Michell pointed out in his pioneering paper in 1783, a black hole still exerts gravitational force on nearby objects." A Brief History of Time; Stephen W. Hawking (Does it really? rad)
"How is it possible that a black hole appears to emit particles when we know that nothing can escape from within its event horizon? The answer, quantum theory tells us, is that the particles do not come from within the black hole, but from the 'empty' space just outside the black hole's event horizon! We can understand this in the following way: What we think of as 'empty' space cannot be completely empty because that would mean that all the fields, such as the gravitational and electromagnetic fields, would have to be exactly zero. ...These particles are virtual particles..." A Brief History of Time; Stephen W. Hawking
"There is no space outside the universe, and no time either, unless they belong to completely different universes. Time began with the Big Bang which created it and will end with the Big Crunch. Space too is created and defined by the contents of the universe.
The spaces between galaxies grow, but atoms do not. If they did, we should not know of any growth because we and all our instruments would be growing too; that would be possible only if the forces of nature grew weaker with time, which General Relativity forbids." Einstein's Universe; Nigel Calder.
Hawking realised that the intense curvature of space just at the edge of a black hole could convert some of these ghostly particles into durable particles of matter and light. It was 1974 that he announced that black holes were capable of exploding." Einstein's Universe; Nigel Calder.
"If you take a census of what is present in a volume of high-grade space 'empty' space far away from any galaxy, and then discount all the expected things like a few atoms and plenty of particle of light passing through in all directions, something else remains. You cannot detect it in any ordinary way, but one of the strongest theories of modern physics insists that it is there__ a surreptitious hint of everything that energy is capable of creating. The existence of ghostly particles predicted by the quantum theory has been confirmed by small effects on the 'tuning' of atoms.
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